Фразеологические единицы

Упражнение 95. Установите, какие из выделенных словосочетаний являются фразеологическими единицами. Скажите, какие факторы обеспечивают устойчивость компонентного состава в каждом случае.

1. Where do you think you lost your purse? 2. When losing the game one shouldn't lose one's temper. 3. Have a look at the reverse side of the coat. 4. The reverse side of the medal is that we'll have to do it ourselves. 5. Keep the butter in the refrigerator. 6. Keep an eye on the child. 7. He threw some cold water on his face to wake up. 8. I didn't expect that he would throw cold water upon our project. 9. The tourists left the beaten track and saw a lot of interesting places. 10. The author leaves the beaten track and offers a new treatment of the subject. 11. I don't want to have a busman's holiday¹. 12. Let's stretch a point² for him. 13. The weak go to the wall³. 14. She looks as if butter wouldn't melt in her mouth⁴.

Упражнение 96. Установите, пользуясь словарем, какое значение имеют следующие омонимичные переменные словосочетания и фразеологизмы. Скажите, в чем заключается их семантическое и фонетическое различие.

blue book; black ball; blue bottle; hot head; hot house; dancing master; flying man; blue stocking; shooting party; skiing instructor

Упражнение 97. Выберите из приведенных ниже фразеологизмов а) слитные сочетания, б) семантические блоки. Скажите, в чем заключается разница между этими типами словосочетаний.

catch cold, blank verse, pay a visit, suffer losses, go sour, know which way the wind blows, shut one's eyes to smth., see the world through rosy spectacles, a house of cards, a..new broom, offer an apology, call a spade a spade

Упражнение 98. Скажите, пользуясь словарем, каково значение следующих фразеологизмов, являющихся мотивированными семантическими блоками. Проверьте правильность своей догадки по словарю.

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to risk a sprat to catch a whale (a sprat - мелкая рыбешка, a whale - кит); a grain of wheat in a bushel of shaff (a grain - зернышко, bushel - бушель, мера емкости, shaff - мякина, отбросы); to measure another's corn by one's own bushel (corn - зерно); to set the tortoise to catch the hare (a tortoise - черепаха, a hare - заяц); to sift out ashes from the cinders (ashes - пепел; cinder - тлеющие угли); to swap horses while crossing the stream (to swap - менять, меняться чём-л.)

Упражнение 99. Назовите а) фразеологизмы, значение которых является производным по отношению к значению ведущего компонента, и б) семантически смещенные фразеологизмы.

fish in troubled waters; cause pain; take effect; have one's tongue in one's cheek; talk nineteen to the dozen; guild the pill; white lie; Mediterranean Sea; take revenge; yield results; strong box; blank wall; turn over a new leaf; strike while the iron is hot; naked room; get a dose of one's own medicine; to go to the wall; pay through the nose; talk through one's hat; have a bee in one's bonnet; bay horse; neat whisky; blank cartridge; Dutch courage; have snakes in one's boots

Упражнение 100. а) Установите, пользуясь справочной литературой, значение исходных словосочетаний, легших в основу следующих фразеологизмов, являющихся немотивированными в современном английском языке.

play fast and loose вести нечестную игру; blow one's own trumpet заниматься самовосхвалением; skeleton at a feast что-л., омрачающее радость; dance attendance on smb. заискивать перед кем-л., быть всегда готовым услужить кому-л.; Aunt Sally предмет нападок и оскорблений; win the wooden spoon занять последнее место в состязании; cut smb. off with a shilling лишать наследства; Hobson's choice выбор без выбора

б) Объясните значение и происхождение следующих фразеологических единиц. Используйте справочную литературу.

Hercules' labour; cut the Gordian knot; the sword of Damocles; thirty pieces of silver; Solomon's judgement; the massacre of the innocents; shed crocodile tears; cross the Rubicon; Judas' kiss

в) Переведите следующие фразеологизмы, пользуясь словарем. Скажите, почему они воспринимаются как немотивированные.

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be wounded to the quick; red herring; eat humble pie; bury the hatchet; Dutch treat; wash one's hands of smth; be given the sack; under the aegis of smth.

Упражнение 101. а) Переведите предложения, пользуясь словарем. Скажите, какие из выделенных словосочетаний являются фразеологическими единицами.

1. Не looked round but saw nothing suspicious. 2. I'll show you round, I know the city. 3. Who can bear out your words? 4. He heard the noise and rushed out. 5. Step aside. 6. It's late. I think I'll turn in. 7. He is not to be taken in so easily. 8. What brought about the crisis? 9. Don't worry, the sick man will pull through. 10. She let down the bucket into the well. 11. He won't let you down. 12. 'Is Mr. Todd in?' 'No, he is out.' 13. You are all in. Have a rest. 14. He is all out to get the prize.

б) Пользуясь словарем, переведите предложения, содержащие глагольные фразеологические сочетания, в состав которых входят наречия и предлоги.

1. The experiments bore out his theory. 2. He said he would make it up to you. 3. She made up her mind to see it through. 4. I don't know what he is up to. 5. Don't run yourself down. 6. You won't get away with it. 7. How did it come about? 8. They are not getting on. 9. He was waiting for something unexpected to turn up. 10. Who put you up to it?

в) Заполните пропуски, употребив, где требуется, нужный определитель (артикль, притяжательное местоимение).

1. It was a slip of... tongue. 2. He is in... bad mood today. 3. The president of the USA takes... office on the twentieth of January. He holds... office for four years. 4. Martin Eden committed... suicide. 5. Our team took... second place. 6. What he says is not true to... fact. 7. He didn't keep... bargain. 8. He lost ... balance and fell off the cliff. 9. What party is in... power in Great Britain at present? 10. He was killed in ... action.

Упражнение 102. Скажите, каким из приведенных ниже фразеологизмов в русском языке соответствуют фразеологизмы с аналогичным ассоциативным значением.

rub smb. the wrong way; lose one's head; stick one's nose into other people's affairs; cry over spilt milk; see eye to eye with smb.; stick at nothing; lick one's wounds; a tempest in

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a tea cup; calm before the storm; be born with a silver spoon in one's mouth; as like as two peas; between two fires; end in smoke; turn over a new leaf; eat one's words; follow the line of least resistance; nip smth. in the bud; save one's bacon; give smb. a false scent; throw smb. off the scent; get the right scent; be on the right scent; see how the wind blows; wash one's hands of smth.; in the jaws of death; play a double game; out of the frying pan into the fire; in the seventh heaven; a red rag to a bull

Упражнение 103. Дайте правильный перевод следующих предложений. Скажите, чем вызваны ошибки в предлагаемых ниже переводах.

1. Не poured oil on troubled waters. Он подлил масла в огонь. 2. I gave him the lie. Я солгал ему. 3. A rolling stone gathers no moss. Под лежачий камень вода не течет. 4. Не came at the eleventh hour. Он пришел в одиннадцатом часу. 5. You wouldn't have the nerve to do it. У вас сдали бы нервы, и вы не смогли бы это сделать.

Упражнение 104. Установите, пользуясь словарем, как можно перевести следующие предложения. Скажите, почему возможно их двоякое понимание.

1. Who was the first to draw the sword? 2. All went down the drain. 3. It's a pin prick. 4. He was at sea. 5. Keep your chin up. 6. Don't wash dirty linen in public. 7. Let sleeping dogs lie. 8. Mr. Deeds goes to town. 9. The prime minister went to the country. 10. Do you want to hang the jury? 11. What do you know? 12. Don't stroke him the wrong way. 13. It went down the drain. 14. We were sailing before the wind. 15. She has got a bee in her bonnet. 16. What have you got up your sleeve? 17. He was skating on thin ice.

Упражнение 105. Объясните, в чем заключается суть стилистического приема, использованного авторами в приведенных ниже предложениях. Назовите фразеологические единицы, на которых строится игра слов. Пользуйтесь словарем.

1. Castles in the air are all right until we try to move into them. (John O'Hara). 2. In my country you let sleeping dogs lie, but when they wake up and bite, you shoot them. (I. Fleming). 3. It is just as false not to blow one's horn at all as it is to blow it too loudly. (J. Mankievicz). 4. The trouble with blackmailers is that while they make their living out of skeletons which are in other people's closets, they necessarily have to have a whole closetful of their own skeletons.

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(E.S. Gardner.) 5. 'I have a cold.' 'It's in your teet.' (B. Manning). 6. Doctor: This is a very sad case. I must regret to tell . you that your wife's mind is gone - completely gone. Husband: I am not at all surprised. She's been giving me a piece of it for fifteen years. 7. Guide: There is a leopard coming! Shoot him on the spot! Quick! Tourist: Which spot? Be specific, man. 8. A committee is a body that keeps minutes but wastes hours. 9. Women take to good hearted men. Also from.

Упражнение 106. Скажите, в каких случаях перевод фразеологических сочетаний неправилен. Объясните причину ошибок и дайте правильный перевод.

1. The shoe is on the other foot now. Теперь туфель на другой ноге. 2. Не knows on which side his bread is buttered. Он знает, с какой стороны его хлеб намазан маслом. 3. Let's call a spade a spade. Давайте называть лопату лопатой. 4. Не always runs with the hare and hunts with the hounds. Он всегда и с зайцем и с собаками. 5. I don't want to be anyone's cat's paw, least of all yours. Я не хочу ни для кого служить кошачьей лапой, и меньше всего для вас. 6. Well, Mr. Carter, Rome wasn't built in one day. Да, мистер Картер, не сразу Москва строилась. 7. Не sleeps like a log. Он спит, как бревно. 8. I've got pins and needles in my leg. У меня в ноге булавки и иголки. 9. It's like carrying coals to Newcastle. Это все равно, что ехать в Тулу со своим самоваром. 10. Peeping Tom, that's what you are. Ты любопытная Варвара, вот ты кто. 11. She is crying for the moon. Она хочет невозможного. 12. He got off with a whole skin. Он не пострадал. 13. Mr. Smith is a free lance now. М-р Смит теперь вольный казак.

Упражнение 107. Разграничьте привычные и авторские фразеологизмы. Пользуйтесь фразеологическим словарем¹.

1. She won't hurt a fly. 2. The book was selling like hot cakes. 3. I avoided her like a pile of radium. 4. It was like a bolt from the blue. 5. The snowflakes fell upon me eagerly like a cloud of mosquitoes. 6. He has got a head like a sieve. 7. The night was as thick as a rice pudding. 8. My palms were as wet as sponges. 9. He looked at me like a hungry tiger inspecting a native through the undergrowth.

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